The modern history of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) began in the late 20th century, with the emergence of the H5N1 strain in southern China and Hong Kong in 1996-1997. This outbreak caused high mortality in poultry and led to the first known human infections in 1997, raising concerns about its pandemic potential.

How Did Bird Flu Originate?

Avian influenza viruses naturally exist in wild waterfowl (such as ducks, geese, and shorebirds), where they circulate without causing severe illness. These birds act as reservoirs, occasionally transmitting the virus to domestic poultry and other animals.

Over time, mutations and reassortment (genetic mixing of flu viruses) can lead to more dangerous, highly pathogenic strain that cause widespread outbreaks in poultry and sometimes spill over into mammals, including humans.

Major Bird Flu Outbreaks in History

📌 1878 (Italy) – First recorded description of avian influenza.

📌 1959 (Scotland, UK) – First HPAI H5N1 outbreak in poultry.

📌 1996-1997 (China/Hong Kong) – Emergence of H5N1, first human infections.

📌 2003-2006 (Global spread) – H5N1 spreads across Asia, Europe, and Africa, causing millions of poultry deaths.

📌 2020s (Worldwide outbreaks) – Ongoing H5N1 outbreaks affecting poultry, wild birds, and mammals.

How Does Bird Flu Continue to Spread?

The virus spreads globally through migratory bird flyways, contaminated feed, equipment, and trade in live birds. As wild birds travel long distances, they can introduce the virus to new regions, leading to periodic outbreaks.

Understanding its origins helps us track, manage, and prevent future outbreaks. 🦆🐓🌍

Want to learn more about protecting your chickens?

Download our free eBook The Biosecure Backyard for practical tips and strategies.

📖 Get your free copy here.